Production of stereoscopic pictures



Nv. 14, 1933. c. w. KANOLT PRODUCTION OF STEREGSCOPIC PICTURES FiledAug. 7, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet l NOV. 14, 1933. C, w, KANOLT 1,935,471

PRODUCTION OF STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES Filed Aug., '7, 195C) 3 Sheets-Sheet2 NOV. 14, 1933.' C; w, KANQLT 1,935,471'

PRODUCTION OF STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES Filed Aug. 7, 195o 5 sheets-sheet sl 25 V22 @QQ .SZQQQLQ @WMM gi @i @I Patented Nov. 14, 1933 y UNITEDSTATES QPATENT OFFICE PnonUc'rIoN oF 's'rEnEoscoPlc rrc'rUnEs ClarenceW. Kanolt, New York, N. Y.

Application August 7, 1930. Serial No. 473,607

16 Claims. (Cl. 95-18) 'This invention relates to an improvement ingraphic plate 4 is a screen 5 which is opaque the production ofstereoscopic pictures. except for a large number of small transparentThe methods now being used for making openings or areas 6', as shown inFigs. 2, 3 and stereoscopic pictures by the use of lined screens 4, orperforations 6 as shown in Fig. 1. These 5 produce pictures whichpresent different aspects perforations should be sufficiently small andnu- 60 as the angle of view is changed in a horizontal merous that whenthe finished picture is viewed direction. This renders them stereoscopicbethrough its viewing screen, the assemblage of cause the observers eyesare separated horizonopenings, each of which appears merely as a pointtally and see slightly different views. of light sufliciently small thatonly a beam of 10 'I'he present invention has for its purpose the lightpasses therethrough, forms an image pos- 65 production of pictures whichpresent different sessing a useful degree of clearness.

aspects of an object when viewed -from dif- The openings in the screenusually vary between ferent vertical angles as well as from differentforty and two hundred per square inch. These horizontal angles. openingsare greatly exaggerated in the drawings,

l5` The production of changing aspects with chang'- although they may beof the approximate size 70 ing vertical angles has many uses, as for theshown in Fig. 11, in which a small portion of the production of picturesin which it is desired to screen 5 is illustrated with the perforations6 present aspects of an object from as many diftherein. ferent points ofview as possible, for example, for An image of the object to bephotographed is scientific or educational purposes when it may be formedon the screen 5 through the lens 3. The 75 desired to picture ananatomical or geological part of this image that falls on a singletransparspecimen or a geometrical model. ent dot or hole 6 of the screenis formed by rays The method will also help in giving reality to thatare transmitted by all parts of the lens 3. the appearance ofstereoscopic pictures used for As these rays pass through the dot andfall on the ordinary purposes. When one approaches a photographic plate4, they spread out and sepa- 80 stereoscopic picture, his angularviewing position rate into rays of light which come from differentusually changes somewhat in a vertical direction. parts of the lens randtherefore correspond to Thus, if a stereoscopic picture is set below theslightly different views of the object l. These level of the eye, as oneapproaches, he views it rays from one dot or hole 6 from one of thespots from increasing vertical angles, that is, he looks of light 7shown in dotted lines on the plate 4. 85 down upon it more than when heviewed it from If the photographic plate 4 is developed, forma distance.Areal object would present changing ing a negative, and from thisnegative, a posiaspects from this cause. The lack of such a tive isprinted, this positive may be viewed by change in an ordinarystereoscopic picture deplacing a screen like the screen 5 slightlyspaced tracts somewhat from its appearance of reality. behind it andregistered with it. The combina- 90 In the accompanying drawings: tionof positive and screen when viewed by trans- Fig. 1 is a diagrammaticperspective View showmitted light will present a stereoscopic effect anding one form of the present invention; will present different aspects asthe viewing angle Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are face views of slightly difischanged either horizontally or vertically. ferent forms of screens; Thedistance between the camera screen 5 and 95 Fig. 5 is a face view ofanother form of screen; the photographic plate 4 should be adjusted soFig. 6 is an edge view thereof showing an opaque that adjacent spots oflight 7 on the plate will be screen applied thereto; very nearly, butnot quite, in contact with each Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are diagrammaticviews of other at their boundaries. slightly different arrangements fromthat shown In Fig. l, the transparent dots or holes in the 10o in Fig.1; and screen are arranged in regular rows. In Figs. 2 Fig. 11 is apartial face view of one of the and 3 are other forms of screens, inwhich the screens. dots or areas 6 are also arranged in regular rows InFig. 1, the Object 130 be DhOtOgl'aDhed iS deSigbut in differentpatterns. In Fig. 3, the areas are nated by the numeral 1. 'Ihe camerais shown in arranged closer together vertically than hori- 105 dottedlines as at 2 and has the usual shutter. zontally. Such a screen may beused when The relatively large lens is shown at 3, while a changes ofaspect are not to be shown through as photographic plate or the like isdesignated by great a range vertically as horizontally. In Fig. thenumeral 4. 4, the dots or areas 6' are arranged irregularly.

Spaced a slight distance in front of the photo- Instead of using anopaque screen having trans- 110 parentdotsorperforationaasinli'igaito4,ascreenmaybeemployedcarryingalargenumberofverysxnalllenses,suchasmaybeformedbysoshapingapieceoftransparentmaterial,s'.xchasce1luloid,astoformalargenumberof 5 smalleonvexareasonitssurface.Suchascreen isshownatainFig.5withthelensesdesignated by the numeral 9.The advantage of this set of lenses over the screen shown in Fig. l withthe perforationsisthateachofthelensesiiwillbet- 1 ter separate the lightum: :aus upon a mm the y rays that come from different parts of thelarge lens 3.

In Pig. 6, the screen 8 has associated therewith an opaque screen 10carrying transparent portions 11 opposite the lenses 9 or opposite thecentrai part of these lenses. The advantage of this form of screen isthat it employs only the parts of the lenses 9 at which their opticalqualities are good and screens oil the surfaces between the lenses and,if desired, the outer margins of the lenses, where they may be imperfectin form- The opaque screen 10 may be represented merely by a filling ofink or other opaque material between the lenses il.

A further modification of the invention is shown in Fig. 7, in which theobject to be photographed is designated by the numeral l2, one or moreconcave mirrors at 13 and a camera at 14. A screen is shown at 15corresponding to the screen 8 carrying on its surface convex portions 16but having reflecting surfaces. These may be formed of white metal.These mirror surfaces i6 separate rays of light that reach them atdifferent vertical angles as well as those at different horizontalangles. The portions of the surface between the convex reiiecting areasi6 should be blackened to prevent them from reflecting light.

In 'the device shown in Fig. 8, the object to be photographed isdesignated by the numeral iff' and one or more concave members at 18with a camera at 19. A screen is shown at 20consistingofalensortmnsparentbodycarryingonits surface small depressions2l which individually as small concave lenses. These depressions orlenses separate the rays of light that reach them at diierent verticalangles as well as those at dlierent horizontal angles. The parts of thesurfacebetweenthesmalllensesshouldberendered opaque.

The mirror 15 and the lens 20 constituting the screens may be renderedconvex both vertically and horizontally, as set forth in my copendingapplication Serial No. 462,006, illed June 18, 1930, now Patent No.1,882,648, granted October 1l., 1932.

In Fig. '1, there is no surface which receives the composite imagedirectly, but it isreproduced byalensofthecameralionthesurfaceofaphotographic plate.

InFig.9isafurthermodiiicationoftheinvention, in which the object to bephotographed is shown at 22 with the concave mirror 23 and a camera 24.Arranged between the camera 24 andthemirror23isascreen25whichmaybesmilartothescrems5or8,andthisscreen25issolocatedastoreceivetheimageoftheobject22formedbythemirror23.At26isshown a translucent screen of ground glass or similarmaterialsolocatedastoreceivethecompoteimageformedbythescreeniiandthiscompositeimageonthetranslueentscreenispresentedto the camera 24 for photographing.

Amodiiicationofthelightfocusingmeansis inPlg.i0.inwhichthelens3ofPlg.ireplaced aeoncavemirroriiitoiorman imageofanobjectandtopresentsaidimageaphotogrlphicsuriace throughascreenSmwhichmaybeotthecharacterofthescreen ororthelike.

Thepositivepicturemadeiromanegativeprojecteduponascreen. Theviewingscreento be used in viewing the positive picture may besimilartoanyofthescreensabovedescribed and be provided withperforations, lenses or the like, as dcribed above with reference to thephotographing 0I the 1111888- Perforations or lenses should be the samesize and in the same arrangement as in thephotographicscreen,unlessthepicturehasbeenen` larged or reduced relativeto the original negative, in which event the viewing screen shouldbeenlargedorreducedtothesameratio. It may be desirable to make thespacing of the elements, which has the perforations or lenses or thelike of the viewing screen, very slightly different from the spacing ofthe corresponding elements of the positive by such an amount that whenan observer is at a suitable distance from the picture, he may see eachelement of the pomtive in registry with the corresponding element of thescreen which is spaced slightly from the positive. 1f the spacing of thetwo are exactly the same, this condition would be realized only when thepicture was viewed from a great distance.

ThesmalllensesSoiFigsS and 6,the1enses 25 of Pig. 9, the lenses 2l o!Fig. 8, and the reectors 16 of Pig. 'i may be arranged in various ways,as for example, those illustrated for the dots or perforations in Figs.l, 2, 3, 4 and 11.

I claim:

1. In a device for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of image forming means, and an assemblage of a relativelylarge number of small elements distributed 120 throughout the imageformed by said means and separating the light forming the image into therays which come from diierent parts both vertically and horizontally ofsaid image forming means, which rays correspond to diiierent aspects 125both vertically and horizontally of the object photographed.

2. In an apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of light focusing means, a screen having an assemblage of alarge number of relatively small elements distributed throughout theimage formed by said light focusing means, each of said elements beingadapted to separate the light forming the part of the image that iscoincident with it into the rays which come from different parts bothvertically and horizontally oi' said light focusing means, which rayscorrespond to different aspects both vertically and horizontally of theobject photographed.

3. Inanapparatusfortheproductionofstereoscopic pictures, the combinationof light focusing means, a screen having an assemblage oi a large numberof relatively small elements distributed throughout the image formed bysaid light focusing means, each od said elements beingadaptedtoseparatethelightformingthepartoftheimagethatiscoincidentwithitintothe rays which come from dilerentparts both verticallyandhorimntallyof saidlight focusing150 means, whichrays correspond to different aspects both vertically and horizontally otthe object photographed,said elements being suiliciently small andnumerous that when a nished picture ls viewed through a viewing screen,this assemblage of elements forms an image possessing a useful degree ofclearness.

4. In an apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of light focusing means, a screen having an assemblage of alarge number of relatively small elements distributed throughout theimage formed by said light focusing means each of said elements beingapproximately the size of a point of light and adapted to separate thelight forming a part of the image that is coincident with it into therays which come from different parts both vertically and horizontally ofsaid light focusing means, which rays correspond to diierent aspectsboth vertically and horizontally of the object photographed.

5. In an apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of light focusing means, a screen having an assemblage of alarge number of relatively small elements distributed throughout theimage formed by said light focusing means, each of said elements beingapproximately the size of a point of light and adapted to separate thelight forming a part of the image that is coincident with it into therays which comes from different parts both vertically and horizontallyof said light focusing means, which rays correspond to different aspectsboth vertically and horizontally of the object photographed, and asurface to receive the composite image formed by the assemblage ofelements.

6. In an apparatus for producing stereoscopic pictures, the combinationof image forming means, and a screen having a large number ci relativelysmall transparent areas therein and distributed throughout the imageformed by said means, each of said transparent areas being adapted toseparate the light forming the part of the image that is coincident withit into the rays which come from different parts both vertically andhorizontally of said image forming means, which rays correspond todiierent aspects both vertically and horizontally of the objectphotographed.

7. In an apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination oi image forming means, and a screen having an assemblage ofa large number of relatively small lenses therein and distributedthroughout the image formed by said means, each of said lenses beingadapted to separate the light forming the part of the irnage that iscoincident with it into the rays which come from different parts bothvertically and horizontally of said image forming means, which rayscorrespond to different aspects both vertically and horizontally oi theobject photographed.

8. In an apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of image forming means, and a screen having an assemblage ofa large number of relatively small lenses therein and distributedthroughout the image formed by said means, each of said lenses beingadapted to separate the light forming the part of the image that iscoincident with it into the rays which come from diilcerent parts bothvertically and horizontally of said image forming means, which rayscorrespond to different aspects both vertically and horizontally of theobject photographed, and a surface adapted to receive the compositeimage so formed.

9. In an apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of a reflector for forming an image of an object,photographic means for photographing the object presented by saidreflector, and a screen having an assemblage of a large number ofrelatively small elements distributed throughout the image formed by thereflector, each of said elements being approximately the size of a pointof light to separate the light forming the part of the image that iscoincident with it into the rays which come from different parts bothvertically and horizontally of said reflector, which rays correspond todifferent aspects both vertically and horizontally of the objectphotographed.

lo. In an apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of image forming means, and a screen having an assemblage ofa large number of relatively small reectors and distributed throughoutthe image formed by said means, each of said reflectors being adapted toseparate the light forming the part of the image that is coincident withit into the rays which come from different parts both vertically andhorizontally of said image forming means, Which rays correspond todifferent aspects both vertically and horizontally of the objectphotographed.

il. In an apparatus for the production o! stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of a reiector arranged to form an image of an object, meansfor photographing the object presented by said reflector, and a screenhaving an assemblage of a large number of relatively small elementsdistributed approximately throughout the image Yformed by the reflector,to separate the light forming the part or this image that is coincidentwith it into the rays which come from diiierent parts both verticallyand horizontally or" said reflector.

l2. In an apparatus -for the production ci stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of a reflector arranged to form an image of an object, meansfor photographing the object presented by said reflector, and a screenhaving an assemblage oi a large number of relatively smali elementsdistributed approximately throughout the image formed by the reflector,to separate the light forming the part of this image that is coincidentwith it into the rays which 'come rom different parts both verticallyand horizontally oi said reflector, which rays correspond to differentaspects both vertically and horizontally of the object photographed.

i3. In a device for the production of stereoscopic pictures, thecombination or" image forming means, and a screen having an assemblageoi a relatively large number of small elements distributed over the areathereof both vertically and horizontally and arranged to be distributedapproximately throughout the image formed by the image forming means andseparating the light forming the image into the rays which come fromdiierent parts both vertically and horizontally of the image formingmeans.

le. In a device for the production oi stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of image forniing means, and a screen having an assemblageof a relatively large number of small elements distributed over the areathereof both vertically and horizontally and arranged to be distributedapproximately throughout the image formed by the image forming means andseparating the Ill . K light forming the image into the rays which comefrom different parts both vertically and horizontally of the imageiforming means, which rays correspond to different aspects bothvertically and horizontally'oi.' the object photographed.

l5. In a device for the production or stereoscopic pictures, thecombination of image forming means, and a screen having an assemblage ofa relatively large number of small transparent areas distributed overthe area thereof and separated both vertically and horizontally andarranged to be distributed approximately throughout the image formed bythe image forming means and to separate the light forming the image intothe rays coming from different parts both vertically and horizontally ofthe image forming means.

16. In apparatus for the production of stereoscopic pictures, imageforming means and a screen having an assemblage of a relatively largenumber of small elements distributed over the area thereof bothvertically and horizontally and arranged to be distributed approximatelythroughout the image formed by the image forming means and separatingthe light forming the image into the rays which come from dierent partsboth vertically and horizontally` o! the image forming means, incombination with a viewing screen placed behind the picture thusproduced when subjected to transmitted light and having elements thereincorresponding with the elements of the first-mentioned screen andregistered with the picture areas formed thereby.

CLARENCE W. KANOLT.

